Geospatial AI Foundation Models Generalizing Across All Core Tasks
#1The IBM/NASA Prithvi 100M parameter geospatial foundation model, released in 2023 on HuggingFace, was pre-trained on six years of global Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) data and demonstrates strong zero-shot and few-shot transfer across flood mapping, wildfire burn scar detection, crop segmentation, and land cover classification — tasks that collectively constitute the interpretive core of remote sensing technician work. Unlike narrow task-specific models that required retraining per application, Prithvi and its successors (Prithvi-EO-2.0, released 2024 at 300M and 600M parameters) generalize across sensor types, geographies, and seasons with minimal fine-tuning data. Simultaneously, SAM-Geo, GeoSAM, and RSPrompter adapt Meta's Segment Anything Model for geospatial object segmentation, enabling interactive and automated feature extraction from satellite imagery without task-specific training.